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网络操作系统Windows Server 2012系统管理

作译者：王伟

出版时间：2016-06 千字数：505 版次：01-01 页数：316

开本：16开装帧： I S B N ：9787121289071

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第1 章 系统安装与基本管理 ································································································ 1
1.1 Windows Server 2012 操作系统概述 ····································································· 1
1.2 利用虚拟机工具软件安装 Windows Server 2012 系统 ········································ 4
1.2.1 创建虚拟计算机系统及其配置管理 ·························································· 5
1.2.2 安装Windows Server 2012 ······································································· 10
1.2.3 系统安装完成后的初始化 ········································································ 15
1.3 MMC 和服务器管理器操作应用 ········································································· 17
1.3.1 使用MMC ································································································ 17
1.3.2 服务器管理器初识 ··················································································· 19
1.4 Windows Server 2012 系统环境基本配置 ························································· 19
1.4.1 设置用户桌面环境 ··················································································· 19
1.4.2 设置计算机名与TCP/IP 地址 ·································································· 21
1.4.3 更改用户、系统环境变量 ········································································ 23
1.4.4 应用“系统配置”功能排除系统故障 ························································· 25
实训1 ····················································································································· 26
习题1 ······················································································································· 26
第2 章 本地用户和组的管理 ··················································································· 28
2.1 管理本地用户账户 ······························································································· 28
2.1.1 用户账户管理原理 ··················································································· 28
2.1.2 创建用户账户 ··························································································· 29
2.1.3 设置用户账户属性 ··················································································· 32
2.1.4 删除本地用户账户 ··················································································· 36
2.2 管理组账户 ·········································································································· 37
2.2.1 组账户概述 ······························································································· 37
2.2.2 创建本地用户组的操作 ············································································ 38
2.2.3 删除、重命名本地组及修改本地组成员 ················································· 39
2.3 与本地用户相关的安全管理操作 ······································································· 39
实训2 ····················································································································· 43
习题2 ··················································································································· 44
第3 章 文件系统管理 ·········································································································· 45
3.1 文件系统概述 ······································································································ 45
3.2 NTFS 文件系统管理 ···························································································· 48
3.2.1 NTFS 权限概述 ························································································ 48
3.2.2 设置NTFS 权限························································································ 50
3.2.3 NTFS 的压缩与加密属性 ········································································· 56
实训3 ·············································································································· 61
习题3 ············································································································· 61
第4 章 系统磁盘管理 ······························································································ 62
4.1 Windows Server 2012 磁盘管理分类 ··································································· 62
4.1.1 基本磁盘管理类型 ··················································································· 62
4.1.2 动态磁盘管理类型 ··················································································· 63
4.2 基本磁盘管理设置 ······························································································· 64
4.2.1 虚拟计算机中如何增加磁盘设备 ···························································· 65
4.2.2 基本磁盘的扩展 ······················································································· 69
4.2.3 基本磁盘的压缩 ······················································································· 69
4.3 动态磁盘管理设置 ······························································································· 71
4.3.1 磁盘类型转换 ··························································································· 71
4.3.2 简单卷管理 ······························································································· 73
4.3.3 创建跨区卷 ······························································································· 76
4.3.4 创建带区卷 ······························································································· 79
4.3.5 创建镜像卷和RAID-5 卷 ········································································· 81
4.4 磁盘管理的其他辅助功能 ··················································································· 83
4.4.1 磁盘配额的管理 ······················································································· 83
4.4.2 磁盘连接简介 ··························································································· 86
实训4 ··········································································································· 86
习题4 ···················································································································· 87
第5 章 活动目录服务与域模式账户管理 ·········································································· 88
5.1 Windows Server 系统活动目录服务概述 ···························································· 88
5.1.1 活动目录服务概述 ··················································································· 88
5.1.2 活动目录的特性 ······················································································· 89
5.1.3 活动目录与域 ··························································································· 90
5.2 活动目录服务的安装 ··························································································· 93
5.2.1 安装活动目录服务 ··················································································· 94
5.2.2 客户计算机加入到域 ················································································ 99
5.3 活动目录服务的管理 ··························································································· 99
5.3.1 活动目录服务管理工具 ·········································································· 100
5.3.2 设置域的管理属性 ················································································· 100
5.3.3 创建域的信任关系 ················································································· 101
5.3.4 提升域的功能级别 ················································································· 104
5.3.5 管理不同的域 ························································································· 105
5.3.6 站点管理 ································································································· 106
5.4 域模式的账户管理 ····························································································· 109
5.4.1 域的登录用户账户管理技术 ·································································· 109
5.4.2 域模式的组账户管理技术 ······································································ 113
实训5 ·························································································································· 115
习题5 ·························································································································· 116
第6 章 共享资源的管理 ···································································································· 117
6.1 文件夹共享实现 ································································································ 117
6.1.1 创建共享文件夹 ····················································································· 117
6.1.2 共享文件夹的访问 ················································································· 123
6.1.3 共享文件夹的权限 ················································································· 125
6.2 分布式文件系统（DFS）的管理 ······································································ 125
6.2.1 分布式文件系统（DFS） ······································································· 126
6.2.2 安装DFS 服务内容 ················································································ 128
6.2.3 管理DFS ································································································· 132
6.2.4 访问DFS 中的文件 ················································································ 134
6.3 卷影副本功能的实现 ························································································· 135
6.3.1 卷影副本 ································································································· 135
6.3.2 卷影副本的应用 ····················································································· 135
6.4 脱机文件夹的管理 ····························································································· 137
6.4.1 脱机文件夹 ····························································································· 138
6.4.2 脱机文件夹的配置 ················································································· 139
实训6 ·························································································································· 142
习题6 ·························································································································· 143
第7 章 域名解析服务（DNS）管理 ················································································ 144
7.1 域名解析服务概述 ····························································································· 144
7.1.1 初识DNS 服务 ······················································································· 144
7.1.2 理解DNS 的域名空间 ············································································ 145
7.2 DNS 域名解析实现 ···························································································· 146
7.2.1 DNS 域名解析的过程 ············································································· 146
7.2.2 分析DNS 域名解析的方式 ···································································· 146
7.2.3 DNS 服务器的高速缓存与生存时间的设置 ·········································· 147
7.3 DNS 服务的创建································································································ 148
7.3.1 安装DNS 服务器组件 ············································································ 148
7.3.2 创建正向搜索区域 ················································································· 151
7.3.3 创建反向查询区域 ················································································· 158
7.3.4 配置DNS 客户端 ··················································································· 161
7.3.5 测试DNS 服务 ······················································································· 163
7.3.6 实现DNS 服务器的相关应用 ································································ 165
7.4 解决DNS 应用中常见问题 ··············································································· 167
实训7 ························································································································· 168
习题7 ························································································································· 169
第8 章 动态主机配置协议（DHCP） 服务管理 ··························································· 170
8.1 动态主机配置协议（DHCP）概述 ··································································· 170
8.1.1 DHCP 服务概述 ······················································································ 170
8.1.2 DHCP 服务的工作过程 ·········································································· 171
8.2 DHCP 服务器的配置与管理 ············································································· 173
8.2.1 安装DHCP 服务 ····················································································· 173
8.2.2 DHCP 服务器的授权 ·············································································· 175
8.2.3 创建和管理作用域 ················································································· 176
8.2.4 配置DHCP 客户端 ················································································· 185
8.3 DHCP 服务器的其他应用 ················································································· 186
8.3.1 创建超级作用域 ····················································································· 186
8.3.2 DHCP 中继代理的应用 ·········································································· 186
8.4 DHCP 服务维护管理 ························································································· 190
8.4.1 监视DHCP 服务 ····················································································· 190
8.4.2 维护DHCP 服务数据库 ········································································· 190
实训8 ························································································································· 191
习题8 ························································································································· 192
第9 章 Internet 信息服务（IIS）管理 ··········································································· 193
9.1 Internet 信息服务（IIS）概述 ··········································································· 193
9.2 安装并测试IIS ·································································································· 194
9.3 创建Web 站点 ··································································································· 197
9.3.1 使用“默认站点”发布网站 ······································································ 197
9.3.2 通过向导创建Web 站点········································································· 200
9.3.3 创建虚拟目录 ························································································· 201
9.3.4 创建多个网站 ························································································· 203
9.4 Web 服务器的管理 ···························································································· 204
9.4.1 Web 站点的安全验证管理 ······································································ 204
9.4.2 监视和诊断Web 服务器上的活动 ························································· 207
9.4.3 ASP.NET 网站应用程序的设置 ······························································ 209
9.5 安装与配置FTP 服务器 ···················································································· 211
9.5.1 FTP 概述 ································································································· 211
9.5.2 创建FTP 站点与虚拟目录 ····································································· 211
9.5.3 FTP 客户端的访问 ·················································································· 214
9.5.4 配置FTP 服务器 ···················································································· 216
实训9 ·························································································································· 219
习题9 ·························································································································· 219
第10 章 路由和远程访问服务（RRAS）管理 ································································ 220
10.1 Windows Server 2012 路由器及其配置 ··························································· 220
10.1.1 路由协议概述 ······················································································· 220
10.1.2 路由表内容的组成 ················································································ 221
10.1.3 Windows Server 2012 路由器的设置 ···················································· 221
10.1.4 使用网络测试命令 ················································································ 228
10.2 远程访问服务的实现 ······················································································· 230
10.2.1 远程访问服务的基本功能 ···································································· 230
10.2.2 远程访问服务的连接分类 ···································································· 231
10.3 虚拟专用网VPN 的管理 ················································································· 231
10.3.1 理解虚拟专用网VPN 工作原理 ·························································· 231
10.3.2 虚拟专用网VPN 服务的操作实现······················································· 231
实训10 ························································································································ 234
习题10 ························································································································ 235
第11 章 系统安全管理技术 ······························································································ 236
11.1 组策略的安全设置操作 ··················································································· 236
11.1.1 组策略 ··································································································· 236
11.1.2 组策略的管理操作 ················································································ 237
11.2 设置安全的审核策略 ······················································································· 244
11.2.1 审核策略 ······························································································· 244
11.2.2 审核设置项 ··························································································· 244
11.2.3 登录服务器失败系统自动报警的操作 ················································· 245
11.3 软件限制策略设置实现 ··················································································· 251
11.3.1 创建软件限制策略 ················································································ 251
11.3.2 配置软件限制策略的操作 ···································································· 252
11.4 利用本地组策略进行系统安全配置 ································································ 254
11.4.1 关闭自动播放 ······················································································· 254
11.4.2 禁止用户使用注册表编辑工具 ···························································· 255
11.4.3 禁止用户运行特定程序 ········································································ 256
11.4.4 禁止恶意程序入侵 ················································································ 258
11.4.5 跟踪用户登录情况 ················································································ 259
11.5 Windows Server 2012 的主要访问安全控制机制实现 ···································· 260
实训11 ························································································································ 261
习题11 ························································································································ 261
第12 章 系统监视与性能优化 ·························································································· 262
12.1 可靠性和性能监视器的应用 ··········································································· 262
12.1.1 性能监视器功能初识 ············································································ 262
12.1.2 使用监视工具 ······················································································· 264
12.1.3 收集监视数据 ······················································································· 271
12.2 “事件查看器”工具的应用 ··········································································· 276
12.2.1 事件查看实现 ······················································································· 276
12.2.2 启动事件查看器 ··················································································· 277
12.2.3 定制事件 ······························································································· 278
12.2.4 管理事件日志 ······················································································· 281
12.3 内存诊断工具的应用 ······················································································· 284
12.3.1 运行内存诊断工具················································································ 284
12.3.2 内存诊断工具的高级选项 ···································································· 285
实训12 ························································································································ 285
习题12 ························································································································ 286
第13 章 系统备份与恢复 ·································································································· 287
13.1 创建备份任务 ·································································································· 287
13.1.1 安装和启动Windows Server Backup 工具 ··········································· 288
13.1.2 配置自动备份计划················································································ 290
13.1.3 配置一次性备份 ··················································································· 294
13.1.4 修改自动备份计划················································································ 295
13.2 恢复备份数据 ·································································································· 298
13.3 Windows Server 2012 操作系统恢复 ······························································· 301
13.3.1 应对系统故障的安全措施 ···································································· 301
13.3.2 系统不能启动的解决方案 ···································································· 302
实训13 ·········································································································· 305
习题13 ·········································································································· 305

目前企业级服务器操作系统主要分为UNIX、Windows Server 和Linux 三类：UNIX操作系统多用于大中型计算机的大数据计算领域，其应用范围、专业性要求较高；Linux服务器操作系统以开源为背景，近些年发展如火如荼，特别是以此内核开发的操作系统发展迅猛（例如移动终端设备），但相对于UNIX 和Windows Server 操作系统而言，其稳定性和可靠性有待提高。因此，我们选择性能较优、较稳定的Windows Server 2012 服务器操作系统对企业计算机信息应用环境的系统维护、管理进行介绍。Windows Server2012 操作系统是Microsoft 公司继Windows Server 2008 之后推出的服务器操作系统，在
硬件支持、服务器部署、Web 应用和网络安全等方面都提供了强大功能。
“纸上得来终觉浅，绝知此事要躬行”。这本教材的突出特点是知识技能的项目化以及系统管理任务的完整与细化，推动理论和实践课堂教学，遵循操作系统基础系统维护的系统性与连贯性原则，对内容体系结构进行了适当调整与重构，以适应教学课程安排。该书的编写着重实际工作岗位系统维护能力的培养，完全从读者使用和学习的角度，以项目案例及其任务实现为驱动，凭借翔实的操作步骤和准确的说明，帮助读者迅速掌握Windows Server 2012，并且充分考虑学习者操作时可能发生的问题，提供了一些解决方案，突出技能实训，更加贴近用户的需求。与传统相关教材相比，其知识结构与部署有了较大改变，每章以学习重点和学习情景导读开始，章节结束提供了实训项目和习题作业等材料。另外，在全书的学习实验过程中，利用主流虚拟机工具软件VMwareWorkstation，方便、容易、高效地为读者提供了一种操作系统学习的新方法和新手段。
全书总体内容分三部分（共13 章），具体内容介绍如下。
第一部分（第1~4 章），为Windows Server 2012 操作系统的系统管理技能，主要讲述Windows Server 2012 系统的全新安装与基本管理，包括系统的本地用户、组账户管理、NTFS 文件系统管理以及系统磁盘的维护和管理。通过这部分知识的学习和技能训练，使读者能够较快地掌握Windows Server 2012 系统的基本应用和系统管理。
第二部分（第5~10 章），详细介绍Window Server 2012 系统所提供的主要网络服务功能，包括活动目录服务与域模式账户管理、网络共享资源管理、域名解析服务（DNS）、动态主机配置协议（DHCP）服务、Internet 信息服务（IIS）、路由和远程访问服务（RRAS）。通过该部分内容的学习，读者可以掌握Windows Server 2012 系统环境下所支持的重要而常用的网络服务功能的实现和管理。
第三部分（第11~13 章），主要为系统安全管理应用技术、系统性能优化管理和系统的备份与还原。这部分内容通过大量操作实例，讲述了实现系统安全管理的技术（包括安全审核、组策略及本地安全组策略、软件限制策略等），系统运行状态的监视工具及性能优化手段，系统数据的备份和故障还原。通过这部分知识的学习，可以使读者不仅在理论方面有了进一步的提高，更增加了Windows Server 2012 实践性经验知识的获得，使其掌握许多高级系统管理技能。
本书编写工作分配：主编王伟完成第1~2 章、第7~12 章及其全书的统稿，副主编徐晓光编写第4~5 章，副主编张琦编写第6 章，参编陈宁、陈璐清分别完成第3 章、第13章。本书得以出版得到了电子工业出版社的大力支持，在此表示衷心的感谢！同时在编写过程中参阅了国内外同行编写的相关著作和文献，谨向各位作者致以深深的谢意！本书配有电子课件，可到华信教育网下载或扫描封底二维码加入计算机教育资源共享群免费下载。
由于作者水平有限，书中难免存在错误与疏漏之处，恳请广大读者批评指正。
王 伟
2016 年3 月

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