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电力电子变换器实用分析与设计

作译者：秦海鸿等

出版时间：2022-05 千字数：448 版次：01-01 页数：280

开本：16开装帧： I S B N ：9787121433764

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纸质书定价：￥65.0

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第 1 章 电力电子变换器的一般设计流程 ·······························································.1
1.1 电力电子变换器的一般设计流程····································································.1
1.2 电力电子变换器的技术指标和分析·································································.4
1.2.1 电力电子变换器的技术指标································································.4
1.2.2 技术指标分析 ·················································································.8
1.3 总体方案论证····························································································.8
1.4 具体电路设计····························································································10
1.5 电路仿真 ································································································.11
1.6 电磁兼容设计····························································································13
1.6.1 电磁兼容概念 ·················································································13
1.6.2 常用的抑制电磁干扰的措施································································14
1.6.3 电磁兼容测试 ·················································································16
1.7 PCB 及结构设计 ························································································16
1.8 建立试验平台····························································································17
1.9 前期调试 ·································································································18
1.10 优化设计································································································19
1.11 后期整机调试 ··························································································20
1.12 生产准备································································································21
1.13 小结······································································································21
思考题和习题··································································································22
第 2 章 电力电子变换器的功能电路、元器件与理想原理分析···································.23
2.1 电力电子变换器的功能电路··········································································23
2.1.1 不隔离式 DC/DC 变换器····································································25
2.1.2 隔离式 DC/DC 变换器·······································································31
2.2 电力电子变换器的典型元器件·······································································35
2.2.1 主功率电路的元器件·········································································35
2.2.2 控制芯片 ·······················································································37
2.2.3 常用逻辑芯片 ·················································································38
2.2.4 电流检测元件 ·················································································48
2.2.5 温度检测元件 ·················································································52
2.3 电力电子变换器的稳态原理分析····································································55 
2.3.1 电感和电容的理想特性分析································································55
2.3.2 功率电路稳态原理分析······································································59
2.3.3 稳态闭环分析 ·················································································74
2.4 小结 ·······································································································81
思考题和习题··································································································81
第 3 章 电力电子变换器中的实际问题 ·································································.83
3.1 实验波形与理想原理分析不同所引发的思考·····················································83
3.1.1 驱动电路典型波形············································································83
3.1.2 双脉冲测试电路中功率开关管典型开关特性波形·····································84
3.1.3 反激变换器典型波形·········································································85
3.2 理想与实际的差异······················································································87
3.2.1 理想与实际功率器件的差异································································87
3.2.2 理想与实际电抗元件的差异·····························································.100
3.2.3 理想与实际 PCB 的差异 ·································································.106
3.2.4 理想与实际功率电路的差异·····························································.107
3.2.5 理想与实际的差异分析···································································.110
3.3 损耗与散热 ···························································································.116
3.3.1 电力电子变换器损耗的组成·····························································.116
3.3.2 电力电子变换器中常用元器件的损耗模型分析·····································.118
3.3.3 散热的必要性 ··············································································.125
3.3.4 常用散热方法 ··············································································.126
3.3.5 功率器件的散热和安装方法·····························································.127
3.4 应力降额 ······························································································.141
3.4.1 应力系数、设计裕量及安全裕量之间的关系········································.142
3.4.2 工作环境 ····················································································.142
3.4.3 典型元器件的额定值和应力系数·······················································.143
3.4.4 机械应力 ····················································································.148
3.5 电磁干扰 ······························································································.149
3.5.1 EMC 设计方法 ·············································································.149
3.5.2 电磁干扰形成的三要素···································································.150
3.5.3 电磁干扰源的特性·········································································.152
3.5.4 电磁干扰传播特性·········································································.153
3.5.5 EMC 设计要点 ·············································································.157
3.6 可靠性与寿命·························································································.160
3.6.1 平均无故障时间············································································.160
3.6.2 保修成本 ····················································································.162
3.6.3 寿命期望和失效标准······································································.163
3.6.4 验证可靠性测试············································································.164
3.6.5 加速寿命试验 ··············································································.165
3.7 小结 ····································································································.166
思考题和习题·······························································································.166
第 4 章 印制电路板的一般设计方法 ····································································167
4.1 PCB 简介及设计基础 ···············································································.167
4.1.1 PCB 及互连 ·················································································.167
4.1.2 PCB 设计基础 ··············································································.172
4.2 PCB 的一般设计流程与方法 ······································································.179
4.3 PCB 设计规范 ························································································.184
4.3.1 PCB 工程设计的基本原则 ·······························································.184
4.3.2 PCB 设计的工艺要求 ·····································································.185
4.3.3 回路相关设计注意事项···································································.191
4.3.4 焊盘设计 ····················································································.193
4.3.5 PCB 标注要求 ··············································································.196
4.4 PCB 的热设计 ························································································.197
4.4.1 PCB 热传导特性 ···········································································.198
4.4.2 PCB 敷铜准则 ··············································································.198
4.4.3 热过孔及其设计注意点···································································.199
4.4.4 GaN 器件散热实例 ········································································.201
4.5 小结 ····································································································.203
思考题和习题·······························································································.204
第 5 章 电力电子变换器的参数优化设计 ······························································205
5.1 电力电子变换器参数的传统设计方法···························································.205
5.1.1 传统设计方法介绍·········································································.205
5.1.2 传统设计方法的缺陷······································································.205
5.2 电力电子变换器参数的优化设计思想及过程··················································.207
5.2.1 优化设计思想 ··············································································.207
5.2.2 优化设计过程 ··············································································.207
5.3 电力电子变换器参数优化设计实例分析························································.208
5.3.1 数学模型的建立············································································.209
5.3.2 数学模型的改进············································································.211
5.3.3 优化设计结果与分析······································································.221
5.4 小结 ····································································································.226
思考题和习题·······························································································.226
第 6 章 电力电子变换器的一般调试与排故方法 ·····················································227
6.1 电力电子变换器调试的基本问题·································································.227 
6.1.1 调试的定义 ·················································································.227
6.1.2 调试的分类 ·················································································.227
6.1.3 调试的目的 ·················································································.229
6.1.4 调试前应做的准备工作···································································.229
6.1.5 调试的一般要求············································································.231
6.1.6 调试的一般步骤············································································.232
6.1.7 常见故障及产生原因······································································.235
6.1.8 调试中所遇故障的一般检测方法·······················································.236
6.2 典型电力电子变换器的调试过程·································································.244
6.2.1 反激变换器 ·················································································.245
6.2.2 三相 PMSM 电机驱动 ····································································.248
6.3 典型电力电子变换器调试与排故实例分析·····················································.248
6.3.1 GaN 基桥臂双脉冲电路调试排故实例分析 ··········································.248
6.3.2 三管 Buck-Boost 电路调试与排故分析················································.255
6.3.3 交错并联 Boost 变换器调试排故实例分析 ···········································.263
6.4 小结 ····································································································.267
思考题和习题·······························································································.268
参考文献 ········································································································269

电力电子技术在国民经济领域中得到了广泛的应用，正在成为国民经济发展中的关键支撑技术。高性能电力电子变换器的研制不仅要求从业人员对其基础理论有较深的理解，而且要对电力电子变换器的实际问题有较深的认识。
本书针对电力电子变换器的实际问题，介绍了电力电子变换器的一般设计流程、典型功能电路和常用元器件的特性、电力电子变换器中的实际问题、印制电路板的一般设计方法、电力电子变换器优化设计的一般方法及调试排故的一般方法。本书的编写采用原理解释、对比分析与实际问题讨论相结合的方法，遵循了深入浅出、循序渐进及理论联系实际的原则。在介绍了电力电子变换器的基本功能电路原理和典型元器件特性的基础上，阐述了电力电子变换器中理想与实际的差异，针对非理想因素对电力电子变换器性能产生的影响进行了深入分析，探讨了印制电路板的一般设计方法，阐述了电力电子变换器优化设计的一般方法，最后介绍了电力电子变换器的一般调试与排故方法，并以典型实例对调试和排故过程进行了详实的剖析。
全书共分为 6 章。第1 章阐述了电力电子变换器的一般设计流程；第2 章对电力电子变换器的典型功能电路基本原理和主要元器件的工作特性进行了介绍，对闭环基本工作原理进行了分析；第3 章阐述了电力电子变换器中的实际问题，包括功率器件、电抗元件、PCB、功率电路理想与实际的对比分析，损耗与散热问题、应力与降额设计考虑、电磁干扰设计考虑，以及可靠性与寿命分析等；第4 章对印制电路板的一般设计流程、相关规则和注意事项进行了介绍，并结合实例对PCB 热设计进行了分析；第5 章阐述了电力电子变换器的参数优化设计方法，并以全桥变换器参数优化设计为例给出案例分析；第6 章阐述了电力电子变换器的一般调试与排故方法，通过典型实例剖析了常用调试排故思路和具体过程，以及需要注意的细节问题。
本书可作为高等学校电气工程及其自动化、自动化、电子信息工程等专业的高年级本科生和研究生教材，也可用作这些专业学生参加电力电子、开关电源类竞赛的参考资料。
本书出版得到了南京航空航天大学新能源发电大学生主题创新区魏佳丹、陈杰、王宇、王世山、张方华等指导教师和常州大学数字孪生技术应用联合实验室莫琦、徐淑玲、储开斌等指导教师的支持。书中的一些观点和实例来自与这些指导教师研究讨论时的心得体会以及指导大学生科创训练和相关竞赛的积累。书中还参考和引用了相关同行专家的著作和学术论文，均在书后参考文献中列出，在此表示衷心的感谢！
本书由国家级一流本科专业建设项目、江苏高校品牌专业建设工程项目和南京航空航天大学2019 年校级教育教学改革项目-精品教材建设专项、实践教学专项（2019SJC07）、2021 年研究生教育教学改革研究项目（2021YJXGG07）和常州大学数字孪生技术应用联合实验室创新基金资助，作者对这些相关部门在本书编写过程中给予的支持表示感谢。
本书的整体框架和章节安排得到了南京航空航天大学严仰光教授的悉心指导。本书由南京航空航天大学副教授秦海鸿编著，卜飞飞副教授、朱梓悦讲师、陈文明实验师和聂新工程师参与编著。其中，第1、3 章由秦海鸿副教授编写，第2、5 章由卜飞飞副教授编写，第4章由朱梓悦讲师编写，第6 章由陈文明实验师和聂新工程师共同编写。复旦大学工程与应用技术研究院毛赛君研究员和南京航空航天大学公共教学部主任洪峰教授仔细审阅了本书初稿，并提出了十分宝贵的修改意见；南京航空航天大学教务处朱建军、袁磊、施璐、赵子玥老师在本书的编写过程中给予了很大的帮助。作者在此一并向他们表示衷心的感谢。
由于作者学识水平有限，书中难免出现错误及不当之处，敬请专家和读者给予批评指正。

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