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Altium Designer23 电路板设计实用教程——基于大学生电子大赛

作译者：谢元成,郑振宇

出版时间：2025-01 千字数：398 版次：01-01 页数：220

开本：16开装帧： I S B N ：9787121482762

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作者简介

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目录
第1 章 电子设计绘制前期准备 ························································································.1
1.1 Altium Designer 23 的安装 ···························································································.1
1.1.1 安装系统配置要求 ····························································································.1
1.1.2 Altium Designer 23 的安装步骤 ·············································································.2
1.1.3 Altium Designer 23 的激活步骤 ·············································································.3
1.2 Altium Designer 23 常用系统参数的设置 ·········································································.4
1.2.1 中英文版本切换 ·······························································································.5
1.2.2 系统高亮及交叉选择模式设置 ·············································································.5
1.2.3 文件关联开关 ··································································································.5
1.2.4 软件的升级及插件的安装路径 ·············································································.6
1.2.5 自动保存设置 ··································································································.6
1.3 原理图系统参数的设置 ·······························································································.7
1.3.1 “Schematic-General”选项卡 ···············································································.7
1.3.2 “Schematic-Graphical Editing”选项卡 ···································································.9
1.3.3 “Schematic-Compiler”选项卡 ···········································································.10
1.3.4 “Schematic-Grids”选项卡 ················································································.10
1.3.5 “Schematic-Break Wire”选项卡 ·········································································.11
1.3.6 “Schematic-Defaults”选项卡 ·············································································.11
1.4 PCB 系统参数的设置 ·······························································································.12
1.4.1 “PCB Editor-General”选项卡 ············································································.12
1.4.2 “PCB Editor-Display”选项卡 ············································································.13
1.4.3 “PCB Editor-Board Insight Display”选项卡 ···························································.13
1.4.4 “PCB Editor-Board Insight Modes”选项卡 ····························································.14
1.4.5 “PCB Editor-Board Insight Color Overrides”选项卡 ·················································.15
1.4.6 “PCB Editor-DRC Violations Display”选项卡 ························································.16
1.4.7 “PCB Editor-Interactive Routing”选项卡 ······························································.16
1.4.8 “PCB Editor-Defaults”选项卡 ···········································································.18
1.4.9 “PCB Editor-Layer Colors”选项卡 ······································································.19
1.5 系统参数的保存与调用 ·····························································································.19
1.6 Altium Designer 23 导入/导出插件的安装 ······································································.20
1.7 电子设计流程基本概述 ·····························································································.22
1.7.1 工程的组成 ···································································································.22
1.7.2 完整工程的创建 ·····························································································.23
Altium Designer 23 电路板设计实用教程——基于大学生电子大赛
VI
1.7.3 新建或添加/移除原理图库 ·················································································.25
1.7.4 新建或添加/移除原理图 ····················································································.26
1.7.5 新建或添加封装库 ··························································································.26
1.7.6 新建或添加/移除PCB ······················································································.26
1.8 本章小结 ···············································································································.27
第2 章 原理图库的认识及创建 ······················································································.28
2.1 元件符号的认识 ······································································································.28
2.2 原理图库编辑器 ······································································································.29
2.2.1 原理图库编辑器界面 ·······················································································.29
2.2.2 原理图库编辑器工作区参数 ··············································································.31
2.3 常用电容符号的创建 ································································································.32
2.3.1 添加或新建元件符号 ·······················································································.32
2.3.2 为新建元件符号命名 ·······················································································.32
2.3.3 绘制电容符号 ································································································.33
2.3.4 放置电容的引脚并设置其属性 ···········································································.33
2.3.5 电容属性设置 ································································································.34
2.4 IC 类元件符号的创建——复用开关IC-74HC4051PW,118 ··················································.35
2.5 IC 类元件符号的创建——主控STC12C5204AD-35I-SOP20 ···············································.37
2.6 二极管符号的创建 ···································································································.39
2.6.1 线条绘制方法 ································································································.39
2.6.2 多边形绘制方法 ·····························································································.40
2.7 三极管符号的创建 ···································································································.40
2.8 其他类型元件符号的创建 ··························································································.41
2.9 元器件的复制 ·········································································································.41
2.10 元器件的检查与报告 ······························································································.42
2.10.1 元器件的检查 ·······························································································.42
2.10.2 元器件的报告 ·······························································································.43
2.11 本章小结 ·············································································································.43
第3 章 电赛声源小车原理图的绘制 ···············································································.44
3.1 原理图编辑界面认识 ································································································.44
3.2 原理图页尺寸和栅格的设置 ·······················································································.45
3.2.1 原理图页尺寸的设置 ·······················································································.45
3.2.2 原理图栅格的设置 ··························································································.46
3.3 原理图模板的应用 ···································································································.47
3.3.1 打开系统默认模板 ··························································································.48
3.3.2 自定义模板 ···································································································.48
3.3.3 模板的调用 ···································································································.49
3.3.4 模板的删除 ···································································································.50
目录
VII
3.4 原理图绘制——MIC ································································································.50
3.4.1 元器件的放置 ································································································.50
3.4.2 元器件的复制 ································································································.51
3.4.3 元器件属性的编辑 ··························································································.52
3.4.4 元器件的选择、移动、旋转及镜像 ·····································································.54
3.4.5 元器件的复制、粘贴 ·······················································································.56
3.4.6 元器件的排列与对齐 ·······················································································.57
3.5 电气连接关系的设置 ································································································.58
3.5.1 绘制导线及设置导线属性 ·················································································.58
3.5.2 放置网络标号 ································································································.59
3.5.3 放置电源及地 ································································································.60
3.6 非电气对象的放置 ···································································································.61
3.6.1 放置辅助线 ···································································································.62
3.6.2 放置字符标注 ································································································.63
3.7 元器件位号的重编 ···································································································.65
3.8 原理图的编译与检查 ································································································.67
3.8.1 原理图编译的设置 ··························································································.67
3.8.2 原理图的编译 ································································································.68
3.9 原理图的打印输出 ···································································································.69
3.10 BOM ··················································································································.71
3.11 本章小结 ·············································································································.74
第4 章 PCB 封装设计规范及创建 ··················································································.75
4.1 PCB 封装的组成 ·····································································································.75
4.2 封装库编辑界面 ······································································································.76
4.2.1 菜单栏 ·········································································································.76
4.2.2 工具栏 ·········································································································.77
4.2.3 绘制工具栏 ···································································································.77
4.2.4 工作面板 ······································································································.77
4.3 常见PCB 封装的设计规范及要求 ················································································.78
4.3.1 SMD PCB 封装设计 ·························································································.78
4.3.2 插件类型PCB 封装设计 ···················································································.82
4.3.3 沉板的特殊设计要求 ·······················································································.83
4.3.4 阻焊层设计 ···································································································.83
4.3.5 丝印设计 ······································································································.83
4.3.6 元器件1 脚、极性及安装方向的设计···································································.84
4.3.7 常用元器件封装图形 ·······················································································.85
4.4 常规PCB 封装创建法（0603 电阻PCB 封装创建） ·························································.86
4.5 阵列粘贴的PCB 封装创建法（SOP-8 PCB 封装创建） ····················································.89
4.6 IPC 封装向导的使用（SOP20 PCB 封装创建） ·······························································.92
Altium Designer 23 电路板设计实用教程——基于大学生电子大赛
VIII
4.7 常用接插件的PCB 封装创建（USB 接口） ···································································.95
4.8 PCB 文件生成封装库 ·······························································································.98
4.9 3D 模型的创建及导入 ······························································································.98
4.9.1 常规3D 模型绘制 ···························································································.99
4.9.2 STEP 模型导入 ······························································································.102
4.10 PCB 封装的复制 ···································································································.103
4.11 PCB 封装的检查与报告 ··························································································.104
4.12 本章小结 ············································································································.105
第5 章 电赛声源小车的PCB 布局 ················································································.106
5.1 原理图导入PCB 及常见导入问题分析 ·········································································.106
5.1.1 原理图导入PCB ····························································································.107
5.1.2 导入过程常见报错解析 ···················································································.107
5.2 布局常用操作及快捷键的介绍 ···················································································.110
5.2.1 元器件选择 ··································································································.110
5.2.2 元器件移动 ··································································································.112
5.2.3 元器件对齐 ··································································································.113
5.2.4 元器件快速换层 ····························································································.113
5.3 常用布局快捷键的设置 ····························································································.114
5.3.1 常用系统快捷键 ····························································································.114
5.3.2 自定义快捷键 ·······························································································.115
5.4 板框的定义 ···········································································································.117
5.4.1 DXF 文件的导入 ····························································································.117
5.4.2 固定孔的放置 ·······························································································.118
5.5 PCB 布局要点及思路分析 ························································································.119
5.5.1 常规PCB 布局约束原则 ··················································································.120
5.5.2 常规元器件原则 ····························································································.120
5.5.3 按照信号走向布局原则 ···················································································.120
5.5.4 防止电磁干扰 ·······························································································.120
5.5.5 抑制热干扰 ··································································································.121
5.5.6 可调元器件布局原则 ······················································································.121
5.6 PCB 布局顺序及交互式、模块化布局 ·········································································.122
5.6.1 固定元器件的放置 ·························································································.122
5.6.2 交互式布局 ··································································································.122
5.6.3 模块化布局 ··································································································.123
5.7 单片机核心模块的PCB 布局要点 ···············································································.126
5.8 电源模块的PCB 布局要点 ························································································.127
5.9 USB 接口的PCB 布局要点 ·······················································································.127
5.10 其他模块的PCB 布局要点 ······················································································.128
5.10.1 MIC 模块的PCB 布局 ···················································································.128
目录
IX
5.10.2 红外传感器的PCB 布局 ·················································································.128
5.11 本章小结 ············································································································.129
第6 章 电赛声源小车的PCB 布线 ················································································.130
6.1 类的概念及创建 ·····································································································.131
6.1.1 类的概念 ·····································································································.131
6.1.2 网络类的创建 ·······························································································.131
6.1.3 差分类的创建 ·······························································································.133
6.2 常用PCB 规则设置 ·································································································.135
6.2.1 规则设置界面 ·······························································································.135
6.2.2 电气规则设置 ·······························································································.135
6.2.3 布线规则设置 ·······························································································.141
6.2.4 过孔规则设置 ·······························································································.143
6.2.5 阻焊规则设置 ·······························································································.143
6.2.6 铜皮规则设置 ·······························································································.144
6.2.7 差分规则设置 ·······························································································.145
6.2.8 规则的导入与导出 ·························································································.148
6.3 布线常用操作 ········································································································.149
6.3.1 鼠线的打开与关闭 ·························································································.149
6.3.2 层的管理 ·····································································································.151
6.3.3 元素的显示与隐藏 ·························································································.152
6.3.4 多条走线的操作 ····························································································.153
6.3.5 PCB 设计中的敷铜处理 ···················································································.153
6.4 PCB 扇孔原则 ·······································································································.159
6.4.1 扇孔推荐做法及不推荐做法 ·············································································.159
6.4.2 扇孔的拉线 ··································································································.160
6.5 电赛声源小车核心部分的布线 ···················································································.162
6.5.1 MCU 信号布线 ······························································································.162
6.5.2 MCU 电源布线 ······························································································.162
6.6 晶振的布线 ···········································································································.163
6.7 整板电源供电布线要求 ····························································································.164
6.8 MIC 的PCB 布线 ···································································································.164
6.9 USB 接口的PCB 布线 ·····························································································.165
6.10 其他PCB 布线要点 ·······························································································.166
6.10.1 GND 孔的放置 ·····························································································.166
6.10.2 走线与铜皮优化 ···························································································.166
6.11 本章小结 ············································································································.168
第7 章 PCB 的DRC 与生产文件的输出 ·······································································.169
7.1 常见设计规则验证设置 ····························································································.169
Altium Designer 23 电路板设计实用教程——基于大学生电子大赛
X
7.1.1 DRC 设置 ·····································································································.169
7.1.2 电气性能检查 ·······························································································.170
7.1.3 布线检查 ·····································································································.171
7.1.4 Stub 线头检查 ·······························································································.171
7.1.5 丝印上阻焊检查 ····························································································.172
7.1.6 元器件高度检查 ····························································································.172
7.1.7 元器件间距检查 ····························································································.172
7.2 常见DRC 步骤和结果释义 ·······················································································.173
7.2.1 DRC 步骤 ·····································································································.173
7.2.2 常见DRC 结果释义 ························································································.174
7.3 丝印的调整 ···········································································································.175
7.3.1 丝印位号调整的原则及常规推荐尺寸 ·································································.175
7.3.2 丝印位号的调整方法 ······················································································.176
7.4 PCB 尺寸标注 ·······································································································.176
7.4.1 线性标注 ·····································································································.176
7.4.2 圆弧半径标注 ·······························································································.178
7.5 距离测量 ··············································································································.178
7.5.1 点到点距离的测量 ·························································································.178
7.5.2 边缘间距的测量 ····························································································.178
7.6 PCB 生产文件的输出 ······························································································.179
7.6.1 Gerber 文件的输出 ·························································································.179
7.6.2 钻孔文件的输出 ····························································································.183
7.6.3 IPC 网表的输出 ·····························································································.184
7.6.4 坐标文件的输出 ····························································································.185
7.7 PDF 装配图的输出 ·································································································.185
7.7.1 装配图PDF 文件的输出 ··················································································.186
7.7.2 多层线路PDF 文件的输出 ···············································································.188
7.8 PCB 制板说明书的制作 ···························································································.189
7.9 本章小结 ··············································································································.191
第8 章 同轴电缆长度与终端负载检测装置设计 ·····························································.192
8.1 实例简介 ··············································································································.192
8.2 原理图的编译与检查 ·······························································································.192
8.2.1 工程的创建与添加 ·························································································.192
8.2.2 原理图编译设置 ····························································································.193
8.2.3 编译与检查 ··································································································.193
8.3 封装匹配的检查及

前言
面对功能越来越复杂、速度越来越快、体积越来越小的电子产品，人们对各种类型电子设计
的要求越来越高，学习和投身电子设计的工程师也越来越多。由于电子设计领域对工程师自身的
知识和经验要求非常高，因此大部分工程师很难做到得心应手，在对速度较快、功能复杂的电子
产品进行设计时，各种PCB 设计问题不断出现，造成很多项目后期调试过多，甚至产品被报废，
浪费了人力、物力，延长了产品研发周期，影响了产品的市场竞争力。
结合大量调查结果和实践经验，编著者总结出了以下几类电子工程师在设计时遇到的问题。
（1）刚毕业时没有实际经验，不熟悉软件工具，无从下手。
（2）虽做过简单的电子设计，但没有系统的设计思路，造成在项目后期无法及时、优质地完
成设计。
（3）虽有丰富的电子设计经验，但无法得心应手地应用设计工具。
Altium Designer 是电子设计常用的工具之一，以Altium Designer 23 为工具进行原理图设计、
PCB 设计是电子信息类专业的实践课程。
传统的理论性教材只注重系统性和全面性，实用性并不是很好。本书基于实战案例教学模式
进行讲解，注重对学生综合能力的培养，在教学过程中，以未来职业角色为核心，以社会实际需
求为导向，兼顾理论内容与实践内容，形成课内理论教学和课外实践活动良性互动。实践表明，
这种教学模式非常有利于培养学生的创新思维，提高学生的实践能力。
本书由专业电子设计公司的设计总工程师和大学教师联合编著，包含使用Altium Designer 23
进行原理图设计、PCB 设计实践经验的总结及软件使用技巧，以职业岗位分析为依据，以读者学
完就能用、学完就具有上岗就业竞争力为目标，秉持“以真实产品为载体”“以实际项目流程为导
向”的教学理念，将理论与实践结合，由浅入深地介绍软件，从易到难地讲解设计，按照电子流程
化设计的思路讲解软件的各类操作命令、操作方法及实战技巧，力求满足各阶段读者的需求。
第1 章：电子设计绘制前期准备。本章对Altium Designer 23 进行了基本介绍，包括Altium
Designer 23 的安装、激活步骤，以及常用系统参数的设置，旨在让读者搭建设计平台并高效地配
置各项参数。本章还向读者概述了电子设计流程，使读者能从整体上熟悉电子设计，为接下来的
学习打基础。
第2 章：原理图库的认识及创建。本章主要讲述了开始电子设计时的原理图库设计方法，先
对元件符号进行了概述，然后介绍了原理图库编辑器，接着讲解了单部件元器件和多部件元器件
的创建方法，并通过几个由易到难的实例系统地演示了元器件的创建过程，最后讲述了元器件的
复制方法。
第3 章：电赛声源小车原理图的绘制。本章介绍了原理图编辑界面，并采用原理图设计流程
化讲解方式，对原理图设计过程进行了详细讲述，目的是让读者一步一步地根据本章内容，设计
出自己需要的原理图。
第4 章：PCB 封装设计规范及创建。本章主要讲述了封装库编辑界面、常见PCB 封装的设计
规范及要求、常规PCB 封装创建法、阵列粘贴的PCB 封装创建法、IPC 封装向导的使用，还介绍
Altium Designer 23 电路板设计实用教程——基于大学生电子大赛
IV
了3D 模型的创建方法，让读者充分理解PCB 封装的组成及封装绘制。
第5 章：电赛声源小车的PCB 布局。PCB 布局的好坏直接影响PCB 设计的成败。读者掌握
设计基本原则及快速布局的方法，有利于对整个产品的质量进行把控。本章主要介绍常规PCB
布局约束原则、PCB 模块化布局思路、固定元器件的放置、原理图与PCB 的交互设置及模块化
布局等。
第6 章：电赛声源小车的PCB 布线。PCB 布线是PCB 设计中比重最大的部分，也是学习的
重点。读者需要掌握设计中的各类技巧，以有效缩短设计周期，提高电子设计产品的质量。
第7 章：PCB 的DRC 与生产文件的输出。本章主要讲述PCB 设计的后期处理，包括DRC、
尺寸标注、丝印的调整、距离测量、生产文件的输出及PDF 文件的输出等。读者应该全面掌握本
章内容，并将其应用到设计中。虽某些DRC 检查项可以直接忽略，但是对于本书提到的DRC 检
查项，应高度重视，着重检查，相信很多生产问题都可以在设计阶段规避。
第8 章：同轴电缆长度与终端负载检测装置设计。在许多通信和电子系统中，准确测量同轴
电缆的长度和检测终端负载是至关重要的。本章旨在开发一款便携式检测装置。该检测装置能够
快速准确地测量同轴电缆的长度并检测终端负载状态，通过这个同轴电缆长度与终端负载检测装
置设计全流程实战项目的演练，让Altium Designer 23 初学者将理论和实践结合，掌握电子产品设
计的基本操作技巧及思路，全面提升实际操作能力和学习积极性。
本书可作为高等院校电子信息类专业的教学用书，也可作为大学生进行课外电子制作、参与电
子设计竞赛的参考书与培训教材，还可作为广大电子设计工编著者快速入门及进阶的参考书。如果
条件允许，学校可以开设相应的实验和观摩课程，以缩小书本知识与工程应用实践之间的差距。
本书由广州工程技术职业学院谢元成老师、湖南凡亿智邦电子科技有限公司郑振宇共同编著。
本书的编写得到了湖南凡亿智邦电子科技有限公司郑振凡先生的大力支持，同时郑振凡先生对本
书内容提出了中肯建议，在此表示衷心的感谢。
科学技术发展日新月异，编著者水平有限，加上时间仓促，书中难免存在不足之处，敬请读
者予以批评指正。
编著者

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