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海底地声参数反演理论与技术

作译者：杨坤德,刘鸿,郝望等

出版时间：2025-10 千字数：374 版次：01-01 页数：236

开本：16开装帧： I S B N ：9787121513114

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纸质书定价：￥79.8

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目 录
第1 章 绪论 ·······························································································.1
1.1 海底地声参数反演的研究意义 ·······························································.1
1.2 研究历史与现状 ·················································································.3
1.2.1 国内外声学实验的历史与现状 ······················································.4
1.2.2 海底地声参数反演的研究历史与现状 ·············································.8
1.3 本书内容结构 ··················································································.16
第2 章 水声学理论基础 ···············································································.18
2.1 概述 ······························································································.18
2.2 水声学基本概念 ···············································································.18
2.2.1 海水声速 ···············································································.18
2.2.2 海水的声吸收 ·········································································.19
2.2.3 海底边界特性 ·········································································.19
2.3 常用声传播模型介绍 ·········································································.22
2.3.1 波动方程 ···············································································.22
2.3.2 射线模型 ···············································································.24
2.3.3 简正波模型 ············································································.25
2.3.4 抛物方程模型 ·········································································.27
2.4 沉积物声传播 ··················································································.28
2.4.1 流体模型 ···············································································.29
2.4.2 弹性固体模型 ·········································································.31
2.4.3 多孔弹性介质模型 ···································································.31
2.4.4 等效密度流体近似模型 ·····························································.34
2.4.5 典型海底模型 ·········································································.36
2.5 分层海底对声传播的影响 ···································································.37
2.5.1 半空间海底 ············································································.37
2.5.2 双层海底 ···············································································.40
本章小结 ·······························································································.45
第3 章 反演理论基础 ··················································································.46
3.1 概述 ······························································································.46
3.2 确定性海底地声参数反演理论与方法 ···················································.46
3.2.1 点估计反演基本理论 ································································.46
3.2.2 代价函数的选择 ······································································.46
3.2.3 优化算法 ···············································································.47
3.3 随机性海底地声参数反演理论与方法 ···················································.53
3.3.1 贝叶斯反演基本理论 ································································.53
3.3.2 采样算法 ···············································································.56
本章小结 ·······························································································.60
第4 章 基于声压场的海底地声参数反演方法 ····················································.61
4.1 概述 ······························································································.61
4.2 基于深海声影区声传播损失数据的贝叶斯反演方法 ·································.61
4.2.1 反演算法原理 ·········································································.61
4.2.2 实验设置与水文环境 ································································.62
4.2.3 单频点反演 ············································································.63
4.2.4 多频点反演 ············································································.65
4.3 海底地声参数和声源位置参数的同时求解 ·············································.68
4.3.1 浅海海底地声参数和声源位置参数的同时求解 ·······························.68
4.3.2 深海海底地声参数和声源位置参数的同时求解 ·······························.72
本章小结 ·······························································································.73
第5 章 基于海底反射特性的海底地声参数反演方法 ···········································.75
5.1 概述 ······························································································.75
5.2 基于深海可靠声路径海底声反射损失的海底地声参数反演方法 ··················.75
5.2.1 均匀海底的声反射损失和深海声传播特性分析 ·······························.76
5.2.2 分层海底的声反射损失和深海声传播特性分析 ·······························.79
5.2.3 海底地声参数反演 ···································································.81
5.3 基于深海声影区海底声反射损失的海底地声参数反演方法 ························.84
5.3.1 深海声影区海底反射波对声传播损失的影响 ··································.85
5.3.2 深海声影区声传播实验设置和声传播特性分析 ·······························.86
5.3.3 深海声影区海底声反射损失实验数据的提取 ··································.88
5.3.4 海底地声参数反演 ···································································.89
5.4 基于海底声反射损失的贝叶斯反演方法 ················································.91
5.4.1 海底声反射损失的计算方法 ·······················································.91
5.4.2 海底声反射损失实验数据的提取 ·················································.92
5.4.3 利用贝叶斯反演方法获得海底地声参数 ········································.95
5.5 基于海底声反射多途时延的贝叶斯反演方法 ·········································.101
5.5.1 海底声反射多途时延的计算方法 ················································.101
5.5.2 贝叶斯反演方法和后验推断算法 ················································.102
5.5.3 实验数据验证 ········································································.104
本章小结 ······························································································.108
第6 章 基于简正波模态频散曲线的海底地声参数反演方法 ································.109
6.1 概述 ·····························································································.109
6.2 简正波模态频散曲线的分离和提取 ·····················································.109
6.2.1 利用Warping 变换分离各阶简正波模态频散曲线 ···························.110
6.2.2 利用Hough 变换提取各阶简正波模态频散曲线 ·····························.111
6.2.3 典型浅海波导环境中的简正波模态频散曲线仿真分离 ·····················.112
6.3 基于简正波模态频散曲线的近距离单声源海底地声参数反演方法 ··············.115
6.3.1 代价函数分析 ········································································.115
6.3.2 参数敏感性分析 ·····································································.115
6.3.3 实验数据分析 ········································································.117
6.3.4 近距离单声源海底地声参数的反演结果 ·······································.119
6.3.5 反演结果验证 ········································································.121
6.4 基于简正波模态频散曲线的远距离双声源海底地声参数反演方法 ··············.122
6.4.1 代价函数分析 ········································································.123
6.4.2 参数敏感性分析 ·····································································.124
6.4.3 实验数据分析 ········································································.125
6.4.4 远距离双声源海底地声参数反演结果 ··········································.127
6.4.5 反演结果验证 ········································································.128
6.5 距离变化条件下基于简正波模态频散曲线的双声源海底地声参数反演方法 ····.130
6.6 基于简正波模态能量的海底衰减系数反演方法 ······································.134
6.6.1 反演算法原理和结果 ·······························································.134
6.6.2 反演结果验证 ········································································.135
本章小结 ······························································································.137
第7 章 基于海底混响特性的海底地声参数反演方法 ·········································.138
7.1 概述 ·····························································································.138
7.2 基于深海海底混响强度随时间衰减规律的海底地声参数反演方法 ··············.138
7.2.1 深海海底混响强度模型的建立 ···················································.139
7.2.2 深海海底混响强度对海底地声参数的敏感性分析 ···························.142
7.2.3 实验数据分析 ········································································.144
7.2.4 海底地声参数的反演 ·······························································.145
7.3 基于深海海底混响信号统计-物理特性的海底地声参数反演方法 ················.153
7.3.1 深海海底混响信号的统计特性 ···················································.153
7.3.2 深海海底混响时域信号的仿真 ···················································.160
7.3.3 海底地声参数的反演 ·······························································.162
本章小结 ······························································································.165
第8 章 基于舰船辐射噪声的海底地声参数反演方法 ·········································.166
8.1 概述 ·····························································································.166
8.2 基于舰船辐射噪声的时频联合海底地声参数反演方法 ·····························.166
8.2.1 海底剖面声层析 ·····································································.167
8.2.2 海底地声参数反演 ··································································.169
8.3 基于近距离舰船辐射噪声的海底地声参数反演方法 ································.173
8.3.1 环境噪声与近距离舰船辐射噪声垂直相干性的提取 ························.174
8.3.2 并行回火的跨维采样算法与自回归残差模型 ·································.178
8.3.3 反演结果分析 ········································································.179
本章小结 ······························································································.184
第9 章 海底地声参数连续反演方法 ······························································.186
9.1 概述 ·····························································································.186
9.2 序贯贝叶斯滤波理论基础 ··································································.186
9.2.1 状态空间模型 ········································································.186
9.2.2 卡尔曼滤波 ···········································································.187
9.2.3 序贯贝叶斯滤波算法在海底地声参数连续反演中的应用 ··················.188
9.3 基于集合卡尔曼-粒子滤波算法的海底地声参数连续反演方法 ···················.190
9.3.1 理论分析 ··············································································.190
9.3.2 仿真性能分析 ········································································.192
9.3.3 实验数据处理 ········································································.196
9.4 基于自适应粒子滤波算法的海底地声参数连续反演方法 ··························.202
9.4.1 理论分析 ··············································································.202
9.4.2 实验验证以及与历史数据的对比 ················································.204
9.4.3 与其他方法的连续反演结果对比 ················································.211
本章小结 ······························································································.212
参考文献 ···································································································.213

前 言
随着我国海洋强国建设步伐的加快，对海底地声参数反演理论与技术的需求日益增长。海底地声参数反演技术在获取海底底质声学特性参数方面具有成本低、效率高和范围广等优势，能够为水下声源定位、水下目标探测与识别、水下通信与对抗等关键应用提供准确的海洋环境信息基础，具有重大的科学研究价值和实际应用意义。本书是系统地阐述海底地声参数反演理论与技术的专著，涉及海洋工程、水声工程、电子与信息工程、计算机科学等技术领域。
水声信号传播时会受到多种海底环境参数的影响，其中，海底底质声学特性参数的影响尤为显著。如何准确、高效地获取海底底质声学特性参数具有相当的难度，现阶段主要有两类方法：一类是直接测量方法，该方法效率较低，实际测量结果有明显的局限性；另一类是海底地声参数反演方法。相比之下，海底地声参数反演方法具有效率高、成本低和范围广的优势。因此，作为海洋声学与信息感知领域众多学者关注的重点和热点，海底地声参数反演研究在国内外方兴未艾，相关理论与技术成果不断涌现。然而，系统地阐述海底地声参数反演理论与技术的专著十分匮乏，远未满足我国海洋声学与信息感知领域科研、生产和教学的相关需求，不利于本领域技术的长远发展。著者团队长期致力于海底地声参数反演研究，针对我国周边的水声环境，面向不同的应用需求和不同的水下观测系统，开展了系统、全面的理论研究和实验验证工作，取得了一系列研究成果。本书系统地介绍著者团队在该领域的研究成果，供同行参考借鉴，并期望共同推动相关理论与技术向更深入、
更系统的方向发展和应用。
全书共9 章，主要内容如下：
第1 章概述海底地声参数反演的研究意义、研究历史与现状。
第2 章介绍水声学理论基础，包括水声学基本概念、常用声传播模型、沉积物声传播理论、分层海底对声传播的影响等基本知识。
第3 章介绍确定性海底地声参数反演理论与方法和随机性海底地声参数反演理论与方法，涉及常用的优化算法和贝叶斯近似推断算法（本书称之为贝叶斯反演方法）。
第4 章介绍基于声压场的海底地声参数反演方法，包括基于深海声影区声传播损失数据的贝叶斯反演方法，以及海底地声参数和声源位置参数同时求解的方法。
第5 章介绍基于海底反射特性的海底地声参数反演方法，包括基于深海可靠声路径海底声反射损失的海底地声参数反演方法、基于深海声影区海底声反射损失的海底地声参数反演方法、基于海底声反射损失的贝叶斯反演方法、基于海底声反射多途时延的贝叶斯反演方法。
第6 章介绍基于简正波模态频散曲线的海底地声参数反演方法，包括简正波模态频散曲线的分离和提取、基于简正波模态频散曲线的近距离单声源海底地声参数反演方法、基于简正波模态频散曲线的远距离双声源海底地声参数反演方法、距离变化条件下基于简正波模态频散曲线的双声源海底地声参数反演方法、基于简正波模态能量的海底衰减系数反演方法。
第7 章介绍基于海底混响特性的海底地声参数反演方法，包括基于深海海底混响强度随时间衰减规律的海底地声参数反演方法和基于深海海底混响信号统计-物理特性的海底地声参数反演方法。
第8 章介绍基于舰船辐射噪声的海底地声参数反演方法，包括基于舰船辐射噪声的时频联合海底地声参数反演方法和基于近距离舰船辐射噪声的海底地声参数反演方法。
第9 章介绍海底地声参数连续反演方法，包括序贯贝叶斯滤波理论基础、基于集合卡尔曼-粒子滤波算法的海底地声参数连续反演方法和基于自适应粒子滤波算法的海底地声参数连续反演方法。
本书编写分工如下：杨坤德负责统稿并编写第1、2、3 章，郝望编写第4、5 章，郭晓乐编写第6章，徐丽亚编写第7章，刘鸿编写第8、9章。书中既纳入了著者团队在国内外重要期刊上发表的学术论文，也涉及著者团队所指导的多名研究生的部分成果，这些研究生包括郭晓乐、徐丽亚、肖鹏等。同时，本书所反映的研究结果得到了多项国家级科研项目的支持，是在课题组长期科研工作基础上提炼而成的。在此期间，西北工业大学航海学院的相关老师为此做出了重要贡献，这些老师包括马远良、段睿、杨秋龙、李辉、段顺利等。在此，对国家级科研项目组与著者所在的学校有关部门、有关老师和研究生深表感谢！
希望本书的出版对水下观测、水下遥感、水下探测、水下通信、水中兵器、海洋科学、海洋工程、海洋开发等领域的科研人员、研究生和本科生有所帮助。
由于著者水平有限，书中定然存在欠妥之处，恳请广大读者批评指正。
著 者
2025 年2 月

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